kennedy+stinson


 * __CRUSADES RESEARCH !!!!!!!!!!!__ ​

1. Introduction--Describe a general cause or causes of the conflict. ** "Christians, hasten to help your brothers in the East, for they are being attacked. Arm for the rescue of Jerusalem under your captain Christ. Wear his cross as your badge. If you are killed your sins will be pardoned.'' On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II gave an important speech at the end of a church council in Clermont, France. In it he called upon the nobility of Western Europe, the Franks, to go to the East and assist their Christian brothers, the Byzantines, against the attacks of the Muslim Turks. He also apparently encouraged them to liberate Jerusalem, the most sacred and beloved city in Christendom, from the domination of Muslims who had ruled it since taking it from the Christian Byzantines in A.D. 638.

The crusades had attactedthe muslims. The Crusades brought first hand experience of the Near East throught the thousands of Crusaders who went to and from that region to Europe. In 1339, when Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos sent his Calabrian monk, Barlaam, to Avignon and delivered two speeches to Pope Benedict XII about the necessity to unite against the Turks, the Pope demanded the unification of the two churches to precede any military aid. Barlaam answered, “it is not so much difference in dogma that alienates the hearts of the Greeks form you, as the hatred that has entered their souls against the Latins.”[20 ]
 * 2. Background--Describe who, what when and where.**

The Crusades kept all Europe in turmoil for two centuries (1095-1291). Aiming to regain control of Jerusalem from the Muslims and to impede the expansion of Seljuk Turks into Anatolia, Christian Western Europe engaged into a series of military campaigns that cost Christendom millions of lives. Interestingly enough, despite the war, suffering, disorder and crime, the Crusades contributed immensely in the history of the progress of civilization in Europe. Crusaders attacked Zara witch was a catholic Hungarian city. The crusaders also sacked Constantinople, the Muslim quarter and the Christian quarter of Constantinople because there believed the Christians were traitors. The Crusaders were called by pope Innocent III to free the Holly Land from the non-Christians. Venice offered to supply the Crusaders in return for one half their wealth. The results of this Crusade were that the Crusades broke apart in 1204, some Christians were sent to Venice, and Constantinople was in ruins and the greeks reclaimed it
 * 3. Causal Factors--Describe three factors that led to The Crusades.**

The importance placed on the Crusades in Europe is a direct reflection of the fear of Islam at the time, and its overwhelming presence as a superior civilization and power. And this aura survived until at least the beginning of this century; Allenby's oft-quoted statement on entering Jerusalem in December 1917 may be apocryphal, but the facts that one of his officers wrote a book of his experiences called The Romance of the Last Crusade, that Punch magazine famously portrayed him as Richard I, and that numerous First World War memorials in Britain are designed on crusader themes, are undeniable.
 * 4. Most Important Factor--Explain how one factor was more important than the others.**


 * 5. Impacts--Explain how one religous group and an individual within that group were impacted by The Crusades.**

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 * 6. Conclusion--Explain how The Crusades could have been avoided.**


 * 7. Works Cited--List your sources in MLA format.**

> Eliot, T. S. //Collected Poems// 1909-1962, San Diego, New York & London, 1984, p. 165, "Choruses from 'The Rock.'"Hallam, Elizabeth. //Chronicles of the Crusades//, New York, 1989, p. 19. >
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