Adham+Baioumy

toc == ​ =1. Introduction--Describe a general cause or causes of the conflict. = = = = =
 * 1) The Crusades were an attempt by the Catholic church to regain control, authority and power over provinces in the Middle-East. Pilgrims were denied the right to visit the holy lands by the Muslims and the Kingdom of Christendom wanted to free Eastern Christians from islamic rule.

2. Background--Describe who, what when and where.

 * Salah-Al-Din was the greatest muslim leader in the Crusades.
 * He led islamic opposition to the Franksand other european Crusaders in the Levant. At the height of his power, he ruled over Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, and Yemen.
 * in 1137–1138 Salah-Al-Din was born in Tikrit, Iraq.

3. Causal Factors--Describe three factors that led to The Crusades.
> in Eastern Anatolia. Subsequently, the Turks spread all over Anatolia and would > have most likely crossed over to Europe had not the Byzantine Empire pleaded > with the pope to send an army to dislodge them from his territory.
 * 1) In 1071 the Muslim Saljuq Turks defeated the Byzantine Christians at Manzikert

2. The Crusades resulted as a reaction of Muslim aggression against the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantines). The Muslims were running constant aggressive conquest campaigns on Christian lands as part of their imperialistic expansion.

3. Over 60 Christian pilgrims were crucified in one short period by the Muslims. A Muslim governor of Caesarea in the 8th Century often seized pilgrims, one large group from Iconium was seized and they were all executed as spies (except for some that chose to convert to Islam instead of facing the sword). Muslims would ransack the churches if the pilgrims didn't pay protection money. Christian iconography and crosses were banned by the Muslims so many churches were pillaged and defaced.

4. Most Important Factor--Explain how one factor was more important than the others.
In 1071 the Muslim Saljuq Turks defeated the Byzantine Christians at Manzikert in Eastern Anatolia. Subsequently, the Turks spread all over Anatolia and would have most likely crossed over to Europe had not the Byzantine Empire pleaded with the pope to send an army to dislodge them from his territory. Because I think it is not fair to just take a land for really no reason.

5. Impacts--Explain how one religous group and an individual within that group were impacted by The Crusades.
In 1095 an assembly of churchmen called by Pope Urban II met at Clermont, France. Messengers from the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus had urged the pope to send help against the armies of Muslim Turks. On November 27 the pope addressed the assembly and asked the warriors of Europe to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims. The response of the assembly was overwhelmingly favorable. Thus was launched the first and most successful of at least eight crusades against the Muslim caliphates of the Near East. The leaders met at Constantinople and chose to cross on foot the inhospitable and dangerous landscape of what is now Turkey, rather than going by sea. Somehow, despite this questionable decision, the original forces of perhaps 25,000 to 30,000 still survived in sufficient numbers to overcome the Muslim states and principalities of what are now Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. Like Western Christendom, Islam was disunited. Its rulers failed to anticipate the effectiveness of the enemy. In addition, the Franks, as the attacking force, had at least a temporary advantage. They exploited this, taking the key city of Antioch in June 1098, under the lead of Bohemond of Taranto. Then, despite their divisions and factionalism, they moved on to Jerusalem. The siege of Jerusalem culminated in a bloody and destructive Christian victory in July 1099, in which many of the inhabitants were massacred. = = =6. Conclusion--Explain how The Crusades could have been avoided. =


 * It could have been avoided by:
 * sitting and descusing together
 * repeat what they said
 * talking about the problem